This museum located in the duke’s palace specializes in natural history. A part of the fossil collection from the Messel reserve and other paleontological finds are presented here, including the skeleton of American mastodon brought by local scientists. The art collection of the museum includes canvases of Lucas Cranach Sr., Pieter Bruegel, Egon Schiele and dozens of less famous painters, as well as sculptures of different centuries and even the ancient Roman mosaic. The museum takes special pride in the largest collection of works of the painter, sculptor, master of performance Josef Beuys. Several museum halls recreate the atmosphere and interior of the workshop of the post-modernist artist.