The 6.5 km long stone ring of the Smolensk Fortress was built in 1602. The works were directed by the famous Smolensk architect Fyodor Kon. Walls and 38 towers with a height of 33 meters were built under his guidance. The construction of one of the largest and most powerful fortresses in Russia took 6 years and the efforts of almost 30 thousand workers!
Smolensk Fortress was besieged many times but never captured. During the Patriotic War of 1812, Napoleon's troops succeeded to blow up 9 fortress towers during the retreat. Later, already in peacetime, the walls of the fortress were gradually dismantled by local residents for the construction of their own houses. Only 18 towers and nine sections of fortified walls with a length of almost 3.5 kilometers have been preserved from the stone citadel up to this day. Of particular attention are the Veselukha and Oryol Towers which you can climb to see the panoramas of the city and its surroundings. An interesting museum dedicated to the history of the Smolensk Fortress is located in the Gromovaya (Thunder) Tower. The Mokhovaya Tower, which has survived to this day in its original form, houses a Museum "Smolensk Embellishments" with an interesting collection of painted stove-lids.