The Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics in Kaluga is the world's first museum dedicated to the cosmic exploration. It was opened in 1967 with the participation of two people, most closely associated with this area: the cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin and spacecraft designer Sergei Korolev. The museum presents the outer space exploration history.
The Museum of the History of Cosmonautics has branches: a Planetarium, a Memorial House Museum of Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, the theorist of cosmonautics, and a Museum of Alexander Chizhevsky, another scientist who worked in Kaluga over the problems of cosmic space. The most valuable exhibits of the museum are also the most valuable for the developmental history of cosmonautics. These are the implemented projects of Russian scientists: descent modules of spacecrafts, pieces of cosmonauts’ outfit and recovery capsules. The museum exhibits ballistic missiles and a back-up of the spacecraft "Vostok", from which the world’s first cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin walked in space. The most large-scale exhibit is a full-size copy of the space station Mir: here you can picture the conditions under which cosmonauts worked.