The very first Church of the Transfiguration in Kaluga was built in the first third of the XVII century and looked differently than now, as it was wooden. It was located in the territory of the Kaluga Fortress. In 1685 a wooden church with the same name appeared closer to the bank of the Oka: it is thought to be moved here from the fortress.
Another significant change took place 15 years later: a white-stone cubical-shaped church with five domes and ceramic platbands was erected instead of the wooden building, and a bell tower appeared in another 70 years. After that, the church was open to the parishioners for two centuries, and in the 1930s it even became one of the main temples of the city until the new authorities of Kaluga decided to use the building for other needs. There have been warehouses and a printing house in the church for several decades. Restoration work in the temple began in 1993. The Church of the Transfiguration is worth a visit to see a stove with tiles and iconostasis of the 18th century.