In 1294, Duke Albert II authorized the establishment of the Dominican monastery on the banks of the Leine Canal. The church construction on the site was completed in 1331. Ten years later, the monastery became the owner of the relics of St. Thomas Aquinas, which attracts many pilgrims. In 1529, St. Peter and Paul's Church hosted the first Protestant service in the history of Göttingen. In 1812 the building came under the control of the University of Göttingen. Now the university library, one of the largest in Germany, uses the church building for lectures and exhibitions on historical themes.