Bernhard Sprengel’s private collection became the basis for the collection of the Museum of Modern Art. Sprengel, who made his fortune in chocolate production, decided to make a gift to his hometown on his seventieth birthday in 1969. And he gave his collection, donating in addition 2.5 million marks for the construction of the museum. The museum halls welcomed the first visitors 10 years later.
Today the museum's collection includes works by Picasso, Chagall, Léger, Beckmann and other artists of the twentieth century. In 2000, French Niki de Saint Phalle, the author of "fatties" standing on Am Hohen Ufer quay, donated 300 of her works to the museum.